Which structure, designed by Filippo Brunelleschi and completed in the 15th century, forms the dome of Florence Cathedral?

• A. Pantheon
• B. Night Café
• C. Stained glass
• D. Dome of the Cathedral in Florence

Answer: (D)

The main idea here is recognizing a landmark achievement in Renaissance engineering: Brunelleschi’s dome for Florence Cathedral. Filippo Brunelleschi designed and oversaw the construction of the dome atop Santa Maria del Fiore, completed in the 15th century. Its brilliance lies in the innovative double-shell design that distributes weight without a temporary wooden support framework, and in the use of a herringbone brick pattern to lock the courses in place. The dome sits atop a substantial drum and is crowned by a lantern, creating the iconic silhouette that defines Florence’s skyline. The other options refer to a Roman temple, a painting, or a decorative technique, none of which match Brunelleschi’s dome.